Feb 10, 2013  4:00 PM                                                        
                                         Judge rules that its illegal to sell custom Batmobiles because the Batmobile is itself a fictional character
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
		
		
	
	                                                                                                      Lauren Davis                                                                                                                                                                               
                                 
                                                                             California resident Mark Towle runs car  customizing shop Gotham Garage, which makes replicas of cars from TVs  and movies. Naturally, Batmobiles were on the menu, at least until  Warner Bros. smacked Towle with a lawsuit for violating its intellectual  property. Now a U.S. District Court Judge Ronald Lew judge has ruled  that the Batmobile is subject to copyright because the Batmobile is  itself a fictional character in the Batman franchise.
 
The Hollywood Reporter, which broke the story, has posted 
U.S. District Court Judge Ronald Lew's opinion on the case of DC Comics v. Mark Towle.  Under normal circumstances, vehicles are subject to patents, with  utility patents (on inventions that improve the functioning of a car,  for example) lasting 20 years from the date of application and design  patents (on the design of individual parts) lasting 14 years. But DC's  suit alleged that Towle was in violation of its trademarks and  copyrights.
 Lew ruled that, in making and selling Batmobiles,  Towle violated DC's copyright on the character of the Batmobile. Content  owners are granted a copyright not just in text and artwork, but also  in literary characters if the character constitutes "the story being  told." For example, a character who is a generic superspy doesn't  infringe upon the character of James Bond, but if your superspy is  British, wears a tux, and drinks his vodka martinis shaken, chances are  that you're in violation. The generic superspy is not a copyrightable  character, but James Bond is.
 But is a non-sentient car a character? Lew cited an earlier case, 
Halicki Films LLC, v. Sanderson Sales and Mktg. et al., which investigated whether or not the "Eleanor" car in the 1974 film 
Gone in 60 Seconds  was a copyrightable character. Although the Ninth Circuit did not  resolve whether Eleanor was herself copyrightable, the discussion of the  case indicates that a plain old non-sentient vehicle is not necessarily  excluded from character copyright protection as long as it fulfills the  other requirements of a character copyright. And, in Lew's analysis,  the Batmobile fulfills those requirements.
 Lew also finds that,  even if it fails the character copyright test, the Batmobile would be  copyrightable as a "pictorial, graphic, and sculptural work." But it's  the discussion of the Batmobile as character that's the most  interesting. It makes sense that, especially in graphic media, objects  that we don't traditionally consider characters would be integral to the  storytelling. You could have a perfectly engaging story that centers on  the Batmobile, after all. If other courts uphold this case or cite it  as persuasive law, it creates some questions about what constitutes a  character in storytelling, and what constitutes a mere storytelling  accessory.
 
Warner Bros. Wins Lawsuit Against Maker of Batmobile [THR via 
The Mary Sue]