1. Introduction: Why I Wrote This
2. The Timeline of First and Final Appearances
3. Short Lists of the Different Users of Each Relevant Name
4. Postscript for the Fourth Draft: Comments on the Confusion that Followed "Infinite Crisis"
1. Introduction: Why I Wrote This
In various online forums where I hang out for comic-book-related discussions, people keep asking perfectly reasonable questions such as:
"Who is the current Supergirl? How is she different from the last Supergirl? (And the one before that, and the one before that?)"
"Just how many Supergirls have there been in the comic books, anyway?"
"Why so many?"
"Are they all related to Superman?"
The problem is that there's no simple "sound bite" of an answer that can honestly and accurately answer all those questions in one minute or less, even if you actually have all relevant facts at the tip of your tongue (which I certainly didn't when I started writing the First Draft).
For instance, if you start trying to delve into these subjects in a way that is not just shallow and superficial but really meant to clear things up, then you've got to talk about the differences between Pre-Crisis and Post-Crisis continuity if you're going to make a clean sweep in explaining just how many Supergirls there have ever been, and why the one who held the job for over a quarter-century is no longer with us.
And since Power Girl started out as a parallel-world analog of the Silver Age Supergirl about thirty years ago, shouldn't she at least get an honorable mention in any in-depth discussion of The Many Supergirls even though she's never claimed the name "Supergirl" in her life? What about the various females who have called themselves "Superwoman" instead of "Supergirl"? Mightn't a fan who wants to know about the Supergirls appreciate having the Superwomen sorted out for him as well, at no extra charge? What about Kara of Argo City in the Superman Versus Aliens miniseries ten years ago, who never called herself "Supergirl" but was obviously designed to strongly remind us of the Pre-Crisis Supergirl who was also a Kara from Argo City, even if it was a different Argo City on a different planet?
You see how quickly such things can escalate? In April of 2005 I started typing out a piece explaining, from memory, what I thought I already knew about the various Supergirls, Superwomen, etc., Pre- and Post-Crisis. The early version was sadly incomplete because I knew I didn't know everything, but it was only a rough draft. I had a vague idea that eventually I might end up with a more "comprehensive" discussion of the subject, and after I had written and posted it, in the future I could simply post a hyperlink to it whenever newcomers on my favorite comic book forums started asking such questions as I listed above.
In early June of 2005, I got involved in an online discussion that somehow prompted me to dig out the old material on my hard drive and start sprucing it up, researching the subject further, splicing in new material, and organizing things into a comprehensive timeline showing the sequence of First Appearances of each relevant character in chronological order. In several cases, I mention Final Appearances as well, if there was an obvious "Final Appearance" for a particular person. (In some cases, a character's First and Final Appearances "in continuity" were one and the same!)
Who is a relevant character? I decided to do my best to cover any female character who has ever been connected with Superman continuity while doing one or more of the following things in at least one DC comic book story that was supposedly "in continuity" at the time it was published (or in a few cases the story was dragged into continuity retroactively).
A) Calling herself Supergirl (or Super-Girl, pronounced the same)
B) Calling herself Superwoman
C) Calling herself Power Girl (or Powergirl, pronounced the same)
D) Calling herself Kara
Obviously there are some characters who fall into more than one of those categories. And, out of the goodness of my heart, I've even thrown in a couple of characters who didn't quite fit any of the above categories, but were strongly suspected by the readers to be mysterious versions of one "Supergirl" character or another. You'll see what I mean as we go along. [Note for the 2nd Draft: I have also thrown in one "Supergrrl" for good measure.]
I should mention that for my purposes I am ignoring people who strike me as mere temporary "impostors." If there was once a story in which an actress played the role of "Supergirl" in a TV show or movie, or a Silver Age story in which Lex Luthor built a robot double to impersonate Supergirl for a few hours (and I have no idea if that ever happened or not!), then I'm not counting that at the moment. The Supergirl Robot that Brainiac 5 built in Superboy #204 has been brought to my attention, but for the moment I'm leaving her out of the Timeline as well. I do mention, below, the first appearance of the very first Supergirl Robot of the Silver Age, and I figure that will have to do.
On a similar note:At this time, I have no intention of going into the details of any variation of "Supergirl" or any similar character who has ever been presented to us in movies or television shows. Likewise, I am ignoring anybody who has appeared in a comic book story that was not meant to be, and never became, really "connected" to the mainstream DCU continuity in any visible way.
I interpreted "First Appearance" to suit my own purposes. If someone is supposed to have been the "same character" all along (both before and after Crisis, for instance), but got a reboot that wiped out most or all of the character's previous continuity, then I probably count that as the First Appearance of a new version of a character. (The Kara Zor-El who has her own title right now is not the same person as the late, lamented Kara Zor-El of the Silver and Bronze Ages.) Likewise, my Timeline doesn't mention the first appearance of reporter Lois Lane because she didn't meet my criteria when she first appeared in Action Comics #1, but I do list two later comics as both being First Appearances in Continuity of the "Lois Lane as Superwoman" concept one way or another. That includes the story in which she first believed she had superpowers that justified her wearing a red and blue costume and calling herself Superwoman, and a later story in which for the first time she really had superpowers that justified her wearing a red and blue costume and calling herself Superwoman.
On the question of what qualifies as "in continuity": My general rule of thumb has been that if a certain character lived on the Pre-Crisis Earth-1, or any world that was reachable from Pre-Crisis Earth-1, then that character was "in continuity." (On the other hand, if a character only existed in somebody else's "dream sequence" or a clearly labelled "Imaginary Story" from the Pre-Crisis era, then that person was never "in continuity" in the old Multiverse days.)
And regarding the two decades of stories that have come out in the Post-Crisis era, my attitude is that if a character existed in stories supposedly set in the "main" DCU timeline, or in any alternate timeline which we know is reachable from the main DCU timeline because we've actually seen someone or something make the trip, at least one way or maybe a round trip, then that means the character is (or once was) "in continuity."
That rule means that the typical Elseworlds story is not in continuity. As one example of what I don't count: There's never been any travel (that I know of) between the "main" DCU timeline and the world depicted in John Byrne's "Superman/Batman: Generations and its sequels; therefore, I don't feel the obligation to create a separate listing for the First Appearance of the Supergirl in "Generations" who was Kara Kent, the daughter of Lois and Clark in that world. (She was a blond, but wore a black wig with her costume to conceal her identity.)
On the other hand, the last Superboy series included a "Hyper-Tension" story arc in which Kon-El visited an alternate timeline that had earlier been introduced in the Elseworlds publication Elseworlds Finest: Supergirl & Batgirl. The way I see it, that meant that the Elseworlds in question was no longer "its own little world, totally separated from the mainstream DCU," but was instead a place that was demonstrably accessible from the mainstream DCU and thus was now included under the broad umbrella of DC's larger "continuity."
2. The Timeline of First and Final Appearances
CAVEAT LECTOR (Let the Reader Beware): This is only a Fourth Draft of the Timeline, and may not be the Final Word on the subject. At this point in my First Draft, I said: "I have done the best I could, but I feel certain I have not done it perfectly. Please speak up if you know of a relevant fact or character I completely overlooked, or if you spot a clear mistake in my quick description of a particular character or story. In many cases I am dependent upon online summaries of stories I have never read, and I am painfully aware that my efforts to paraphrase second-hand information leave plenty of room for error."
Many readers took me at my word and offered constructive criticism regarding characters they felt I should add or things I should modify in the existing text, and much of their feedback was reflected in the Second Draft, which was much longer than the First Draft as a result of all the new stuff I had to write in those cases where I decided people's suggestions were apt.
The Third Draft was only slightly longer than the Second. Apparently my alert readers had already helped me fill any really obvious gaps by then. Now the Fourth Draft adds a few things; largely to allow for a few characters Jeph Loeb introduced in the first five issues of the newest "Supergirl" title and in his last story arc on the "Superman/Batman" title. (And one or two other little odds and ends have been added or seriously modified.)
However: The call for constructive criticism is still in force if you think I've missed something that would improve this Timeline. I make no promises about how quickly your feedback will be reflected in a Fifth Draft, however. This version is being posted about fourteen and a half months after I posted the Third Draft! (I was waiting to see how things would settle down after "Infinite Crisis" ended.)
And now, on to the main event!
THE TIMELINE
1947. Superman #45. "Lois Lane, Superwoman!" Written by Alvin Schwartz.
Lois Lane is convinced she has gained powers comparable to Superman's by magic. (She hasn't. Superman was moving at super-speed to do her stunts and make it seem that way. Long story.) By the end of the story she voluntarily relinquishes the powers she thinks she has because they seem to be out of control and are thus hurting her social life with men who are afraid to get too close to her. But during the story, she had indeed called herself Superwoman and worn an appropriate costume.
Note: There was a previous "dream sequence" story in 1943 in which Lois had dreamed she got a blood transfusion from the Man of Steel and became a Superwoman, but since it was clearly labelled as a dream, that "Superwoman" appearance was basically "out of continuity." This story, on the other hand, was apparently the first "in continuity" story in which any female character wore a costume and publicly called herself Superwoman. So I count this as the First Appearance "in continuity" of a Superwoman, even if the "powers" were fake.
1949. Superboy #5. "Superboy Meets Supergirl!" Possibly written by William Woolfolk. Collected in the TPB "Superman in the Forties."
Superboy meets this really neat blond girl who calls herself Lucy Regent and is an incredibly skilled athlete. Although she has no powers, at one point she wears a costume modeled on his and calls herself Supergirl as part of a show the two of them put on together at a festival. Superboy is quite smitten by her, it seems, but unfortunately it turns out that she is actually Lucy, rightful Queen of Borgonia, and the story ends with Lucy staying in her native land to take up her duties as Queen after a villainous usurper has been defeated with Superboy's help. (Lucy was never been heard from again in any other story, so this was her First and Final Appearance.)
Note: I have learned from feedback that this story must have happened on Earth-1 (even though Earth-1 as a concept would not be mentioned in any comic book until the story "Flash of Two Worlds" in 1961) because it was eventually decided at DC that all the Superboy stories were Earth-1 material by default no matter when they were published; the Earth-2 Superman had reached maturity before creating a costumed identity for himself and surprising everyone with his superpowered feats (exactly as shown in the original Superman story in Action Comics #1.)
1951. Action Comics #156. "The Girl of Steel." Reprinted in the 1987 TPB "The Greatest Superman stories Ever Told."
Lois Lane temporarily receives powers which prompt her to create a Superwoman costume for herself (again!). The costume she came up with was very similar to one that Kara Zor-El later wore as Supergirl. Lois even wore a blond wig to disguise her hair color - going for a secret identity, apparently, which she had not bothered with in her previous "Superwoman" adventure in the story I mentioned above. This was apparently the First Appearance of any costumed female calling herself Superwoman, and wearing an appropriate costume "in continuity," and actually having superpowers to go with the costume.
I am told that Lois Lane and Lana Lang each got superpowers (always temporary!) in various other stories in the old days, but I'm not clear on how often the Superwoman name was explicitly used after this, and I have never heard that it was used by Lana.
2. The Timeline of First and Final Appearances
3. Short Lists of the Different Users of Each Relevant Name
4. Postscript for the Fourth Draft: Comments on the Confusion that Followed "Infinite Crisis"
1. Introduction: Why I Wrote This
In various online forums where I hang out for comic-book-related discussions, people keep asking perfectly reasonable questions such as:
"Who is the current Supergirl? How is she different from the last Supergirl? (And the one before that, and the one before that?)"
"Just how many Supergirls have there been in the comic books, anyway?"
"Why so many?"
"Are they all related to Superman?"
The problem is that there's no simple "sound bite" of an answer that can honestly and accurately answer all those questions in one minute or less, even if you actually have all relevant facts at the tip of your tongue (which I certainly didn't when I started writing the First Draft).
For instance, if you start trying to delve into these subjects in a way that is not just shallow and superficial but really meant to clear things up, then you've got to talk about the differences between Pre-Crisis and Post-Crisis continuity if you're going to make a clean sweep in explaining just how many Supergirls there have ever been, and why the one who held the job for over a quarter-century is no longer with us.
And since Power Girl started out as a parallel-world analog of the Silver Age Supergirl about thirty years ago, shouldn't she at least get an honorable mention in any in-depth discussion of The Many Supergirls even though she's never claimed the name "Supergirl" in her life? What about the various females who have called themselves "Superwoman" instead of "Supergirl"? Mightn't a fan who wants to know about the Supergirls appreciate having the Superwomen sorted out for him as well, at no extra charge? What about Kara of Argo City in the Superman Versus Aliens miniseries ten years ago, who never called herself "Supergirl" but was obviously designed to strongly remind us of the Pre-Crisis Supergirl who was also a Kara from Argo City, even if it was a different Argo City on a different planet?
You see how quickly such things can escalate? In April of 2005 I started typing out a piece explaining, from memory, what I thought I already knew about the various Supergirls, Superwomen, etc., Pre- and Post-Crisis. The early version was sadly incomplete because I knew I didn't know everything, but it was only a rough draft. I had a vague idea that eventually I might end up with a more "comprehensive" discussion of the subject, and after I had written and posted it, in the future I could simply post a hyperlink to it whenever newcomers on my favorite comic book forums started asking such questions as I listed above.
In early June of 2005, I got involved in an online discussion that somehow prompted me to dig out the old material on my hard drive and start sprucing it up, researching the subject further, splicing in new material, and organizing things into a comprehensive timeline showing the sequence of First Appearances of each relevant character in chronological order. In several cases, I mention Final Appearances as well, if there was an obvious "Final Appearance" for a particular person. (In some cases, a character's First and Final Appearances "in continuity" were one and the same!)
Who is a relevant character? I decided to do my best to cover any female character who has ever been connected with Superman continuity while doing one or more of the following things in at least one DC comic book story that was supposedly "in continuity" at the time it was published (or in a few cases the story was dragged into continuity retroactively).
A) Calling herself Supergirl (or Super-Girl, pronounced the same)
B) Calling herself Superwoman
C) Calling herself Power Girl (or Powergirl, pronounced the same)
D) Calling herself Kara
Obviously there are some characters who fall into more than one of those categories. And, out of the goodness of my heart, I've even thrown in a couple of characters who didn't quite fit any of the above categories, but were strongly suspected by the readers to be mysterious versions of one "Supergirl" character or another. You'll see what I mean as we go along. [Note for the 2nd Draft: I have also thrown in one "Supergrrl" for good measure.]
I should mention that for my purposes I am ignoring people who strike me as mere temporary "impostors." If there was once a story in which an actress played the role of "Supergirl" in a TV show or movie, or a Silver Age story in which Lex Luthor built a robot double to impersonate Supergirl for a few hours (and I have no idea if that ever happened or not!), then I'm not counting that at the moment. The Supergirl Robot that Brainiac 5 built in Superboy #204 has been brought to my attention, but for the moment I'm leaving her out of the Timeline as well. I do mention, below, the first appearance of the very first Supergirl Robot of the Silver Age, and I figure that will have to do.
On a similar note:At this time, I have no intention of going into the details of any variation of "Supergirl" or any similar character who has ever been presented to us in movies or television shows. Likewise, I am ignoring anybody who has appeared in a comic book story that was not meant to be, and never became, really "connected" to the mainstream DCU continuity in any visible way.
I interpreted "First Appearance" to suit my own purposes. If someone is supposed to have been the "same character" all along (both before and after Crisis, for instance), but got a reboot that wiped out most or all of the character's previous continuity, then I probably count that as the First Appearance of a new version of a character. (The Kara Zor-El who has her own title right now is not the same person as the late, lamented Kara Zor-El of the Silver and Bronze Ages.) Likewise, my Timeline doesn't mention the first appearance of reporter Lois Lane because she didn't meet my criteria when she first appeared in Action Comics #1, but I do list two later comics as both being First Appearances in Continuity of the "Lois Lane as Superwoman" concept one way or another. That includes the story in which she first believed she had superpowers that justified her wearing a red and blue costume and calling herself Superwoman, and a later story in which for the first time she really had superpowers that justified her wearing a red and blue costume and calling herself Superwoman.
On the question of what qualifies as "in continuity": My general rule of thumb has been that if a certain character lived on the Pre-Crisis Earth-1, or any world that was reachable from Pre-Crisis Earth-1, then that character was "in continuity." (On the other hand, if a character only existed in somebody else's "dream sequence" or a clearly labelled "Imaginary Story" from the Pre-Crisis era, then that person was never "in continuity" in the old Multiverse days.)
And regarding the two decades of stories that have come out in the Post-Crisis era, my attitude is that if a character existed in stories supposedly set in the "main" DCU timeline, or in any alternate timeline which we know is reachable from the main DCU timeline because we've actually seen someone or something make the trip, at least one way or maybe a round trip, then that means the character is (or once was) "in continuity."
That rule means that the typical Elseworlds story is not in continuity. As one example of what I don't count: There's never been any travel (that I know of) between the "main" DCU timeline and the world depicted in John Byrne's "Superman/Batman: Generations and its sequels; therefore, I don't feel the obligation to create a separate listing for the First Appearance of the Supergirl in "Generations" who was Kara Kent, the daughter of Lois and Clark in that world. (She was a blond, but wore a black wig with her costume to conceal her identity.)
On the other hand, the last Superboy series included a "Hyper-Tension" story arc in which Kon-El visited an alternate timeline that had earlier been introduced in the Elseworlds publication Elseworlds Finest: Supergirl & Batgirl. The way I see it, that meant that the Elseworlds in question was no longer "its own little world, totally separated from the mainstream DCU," but was instead a place that was demonstrably accessible from the mainstream DCU and thus was now included under the broad umbrella of DC's larger "continuity."
2. The Timeline of First and Final Appearances
CAVEAT LECTOR (Let the Reader Beware): This is only a Fourth Draft of the Timeline, and may not be the Final Word on the subject. At this point in my First Draft, I said: "I have done the best I could, but I feel certain I have not done it perfectly. Please speak up if you know of a relevant fact or character I completely overlooked, or if you spot a clear mistake in my quick description of a particular character or story. In many cases I am dependent upon online summaries of stories I have never read, and I am painfully aware that my efforts to paraphrase second-hand information leave plenty of room for error."
Many readers took me at my word and offered constructive criticism regarding characters they felt I should add or things I should modify in the existing text, and much of their feedback was reflected in the Second Draft, which was much longer than the First Draft as a result of all the new stuff I had to write in those cases where I decided people's suggestions were apt.
The Third Draft was only slightly longer than the Second. Apparently my alert readers had already helped me fill any really obvious gaps by then. Now the Fourth Draft adds a few things; largely to allow for a few characters Jeph Loeb introduced in the first five issues of the newest "Supergirl" title and in his last story arc on the "Superman/Batman" title. (And one or two other little odds and ends have been added or seriously modified.)
However: The call for constructive criticism is still in force if you think I've missed something that would improve this Timeline. I make no promises about how quickly your feedback will be reflected in a Fifth Draft, however. This version is being posted about fourteen and a half months after I posted the Third Draft! (I was waiting to see how things would settle down after "Infinite Crisis" ended.)
And now, on to the main event!
THE TIMELINE
1947. Superman #45. "Lois Lane, Superwoman!" Written by Alvin Schwartz.
Lois Lane is convinced she has gained powers comparable to Superman's by magic. (She hasn't. Superman was moving at super-speed to do her stunts and make it seem that way. Long story.) By the end of the story she voluntarily relinquishes the powers she thinks she has because they seem to be out of control and are thus hurting her social life with men who are afraid to get too close to her. But during the story, she had indeed called herself Superwoman and worn an appropriate costume.
Note: There was a previous "dream sequence" story in 1943 in which Lois had dreamed she got a blood transfusion from the Man of Steel and became a Superwoman, but since it was clearly labelled as a dream, that "Superwoman" appearance was basically "out of continuity." This story, on the other hand, was apparently the first "in continuity" story in which any female character wore a costume and publicly called herself Superwoman. So I count this as the First Appearance "in continuity" of a Superwoman, even if the "powers" were fake.
1949. Superboy #5. "Superboy Meets Supergirl!" Possibly written by William Woolfolk. Collected in the TPB "Superman in the Forties."
Superboy meets this really neat blond girl who calls herself Lucy Regent and is an incredibly skilled athlete. Although she has no powers, at one point she wears a costume modeled on his and calls herself Supergirl as part of a show the two of them put on together at a festival. Superboy is quite smitten by her, it seems, but unfortunately it turns out that she is actually Lucy, rightful Queen of Borgonia, and the story ends with Lucy staying in her native land to take up her duties as Queen after a villainous usurper has been defeated with Superboy's help. (Lucy was never been heard from again in any other story, so this was her First and Final Appearance.)
Note: I have learned from feedback that this story must have happened on Earth-1 (even though Earth-1 as a concept would not be mentioned in any comic book until the story "Flash of Two Worlds" in 1961) because it was eventually decided at DC that all the Superboy stories were Earth-1 material by default no matter when they were published; the Earth-2 Superman had reached maturity before creating a costumed identity for himself and surprising everyone with his superpowered feats (exactly as shown in the original Superman story in Action Comics #1.)
1951. Action Comics #156. "The Girl of Steel." Reprinted in the 1987 TPB "The Greatest Superman stories Ever Told."
Lois Lane temporarily receives powers which prompt her to create a Superwoman costume for herself (again!). The costume she came up with was very similar to one that Kara Zor-El later wore as Supergirl. Lois even wore a blond wig to disguise her hair color - going for a secret identity, apparently, which she had not bothered with in her previous "Superwoman" adventure in the story I mentioned above. This was apparently the First Appearance of any costumed female calling herself Superwoman, and wearing an appropriate costume "in continuity," and actually having superpowers to go with the costume.
I am told that Lois Lane and Lana Lang each got superpowers (always temporary!) in various other stories in the old days, but I'm not clear on how often the Superwoman name was explicitly used after this, and I have never heard that it was used by Lana.