Last month I posted 12 Motives for Killing a Comic Book Character, an updated version of a post from two years ago. That one dealt with motives the creative team might have for killing off a character whether he was a hero, a villain, a well-established member of the supporting cast, or whatever.
Now I offer the revised version of the sequel from two years ago, discussing Excuses that can be used in a story to bring back the character whod previously been killed. I think Ive covered all the basic possibilities, but if I forgot any, let me know!
The 17 Excuses
01. Missing In Action PRESUMED Dead
02. Somebody Elses Body
03. Exact Replica
04. Only Mostly Dead
05. Act of God
06. Parallel World
07. Massive Retcon It Never Happened!
08. Dead But Still Active
09. Didnt You Know Im a Professional Corpse?
10. The Original is Dead; Long Live the Clone
11. Reincarnation
12. Time Travel
13. Continuing a Proud Tradition
14. Body Switching
15. The Flashback Option
16. The Ambiguous Return
17. Never Apologize; Never Explain!
(Note: For those of you who may remember the original version from two years ago, the new additions to this list are #14 and #16.)
01. Missing In Action PRESUMED Dead
We never found the body after things quieted down, so how do you know hes really dead? is the basic idea. Years after Character X was declared dead and his will went through probate, he may come knocking on the door, saying, Im back! Did you miss me? This one has actually been known to happen in real life, unlike some of the other Excuses on this list. There were soldiers who were declared dead during the turmoil of World War II, for instance, and came home years later to discover their widows had remarried to other men.
In fact, this may be the most popular excuse. Particularly if the writer of the original story that killed the character specifically anticipated that he should leave the door open for a comeback years later or perhaps was ordered to leave that door open by an editor, even if the writer personally wanted to believe he really killed the guy and said so during interviews and convention appearances and so forth. Yes, I killed Character X! Dont hold your breath waiting for me to apologize! Im glad I killed him, do you hear me? Glad, glad, glad!
A very common method to kill a character, setting things up for this excuse to be easily used later, is the Huge Explosion that Conveniently Obliterates the Physical Evidence. Of course he must have been killed in the explosion; but it was so horrendous that theres nothing left to prove it in court! Ashes to ashes, dust to dust, you know what I mean? (One popular variation is to leave behind a few scraps of his costume, perhaps a cracked helmet or a torn mask, that sort of thing, and let people assume that everything else was disintegrated.)
One example is the fate of the first version of the Doom Patrol, way back when. When their first series was facing cancellation anyway, all four of the original members died heroically in a terrible explosion. It was such a terrible explosion that various stories subsequently referring to that bleak day repeatedly stressed the point that their bodies had (apparently) been annihilated and were not even salvageable for funerals. Over the next couple of decades, I believe this absence of nice solid bodies was also used as the excuse to bring back three out of four, at different times. Robotman, Negative Man, and the Chief. (Elasti-Girl was the odd woman out she stayed dead all through the 70s, 80s, and 90s. Until a different Excuse was just recently used to bring her back in a new Doom Patrol series written by John Byrne and as I write this, that has itself been retconned away, I believe. I never actually read any of the Byrne Doom Patrol series while it was coming out, anyway.)
02. Somebody Elses Body
Yes, you found a body in terrible condition, and yes, you assumed it was mine based on strong circumstantial evidence, but it wasnt really me. You just couldnt tell the difference.
An early example in popular adventure fiction was the time Tarzans wife Jane died and returned in stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Ive read that initially, when the material about her death and Tarzans reaction to it was being written and published as a magazine serial, ERB really meant to have her stay dead so that he could have Tarzan become eligible for romance with someone else later on, but then he changed his mind and the book version which reprinted the stuff about Janes death in a wartime atrocity as the opening portion of a longer novel modified a few details, so that (a) we only knew Jane was dead because Tarzan discovered the charred skeletal remains of an adult female wearing his wifes rings after an attack upon their African home during World War I and assumed the otherwise unrecognizable body was that of his beloved, and (b) Tarzan eventually discovered at the very end of the book that a villainous German army officer had captured Jane alive, but stuck some of her jewelry on another womans corpse to confuse the issue. (This, of course, told us what Tarzans mission statement would be in the plot of the next novel.)
As a rule of thumb, this excuse works best if (a) the body is clearly that of a dead human being, but it was so hideously damaged as to be beyond positive identification, or (b) nobody on the scene knows just what the characters real face ought to look like underneath a mask, so observers look at the recognizable costume on the corpse and say Case Closed!
The beyond positive identification option was easier before DNA testing was readily available, but some writers still use that approach today when it suits them.
03. Exact Replica
Sure, there was a recognizable corpse. Sure, it was positively identified as mine. But guess what! It wasnt really me! It was just a carbon copy of me!
The most notorious use of this Excuse was probably the return of Jean Grey in 1985, five years after she had died a tragic death in the Grand Finale of the classic Dark Phoenix Saga by Chris Claremont and John Byrne. Her beloved, Scott Summers, was looking right at her when she died (implicitly by suicide, using her telekinesis to activate some sort of high-powered energy weapon aimed at herself before she went totally nuts and committed genocide again), so it seemed open-and-shut that this was in fact his sweethearts body that received a decent burial in the following issue.
However! Years later, when someone at Marvel decided it was time to reunite all five of Professor Charles Xaviers original students for a new title called X-Factor, a way was found to have the Avengers stumble across the real Jean Grey, who had been in suspended animation all this time. It was eventually determined that well before the Dark Phoenix Saga began, the cosmic Phoenix Force had somehow created an exact replica of Jeans body, duplicated Jeans memories and something of her personality, stuck its own consciousness into that replica, replaced Jean among the X-Men for the next several months without anyone (not even Professor X the super-telepath) ever knowing the difference, eventually went crazy and destroyed an inhabited world, and so on and so forth.
The X-Men and their associates have actually provided several examples of this Exact Replica excuse over the years, but I figure Ill take mercy on you and only mention the biggest one. (Especially since lately Ive been posting one draft after another of my X-Men Fatality Timeline which goes into excruciating detail on all the times X-Men have died and all the times X-Men have returned from the dead. No need to tread that ground all over again here!)
04. Only Mostly Dead
INIGO: He's dead. He can't talk.
MIRACLE MAX : Whoo-hoo-hoo, look who knows so much. It just so happens that your friend here is only MOSTLY dead. There's a big difference between mostly dead and all dead. Mostly dead is slightly alive. With all dead, well, with all dead there's usually only one thing you can do.
INIGO: What's that?
MIRACLE MAX : Go through his clothes and look for loose change. (This dialogue was quoted from The Princess Bride)
Or, to put it another way, if Character X ever comes back from a Mostly Dead condition, his line will be: Yes, you identified my body. Yes, you checked for a pulse, and didnt find one. But couldnt you tell I wasnt really dead?
One of the most high-profile and shameless examples of this particular excuse is the infamous return of the Spider-Clone after he had been presumed dead and cremated for almost twenty years realtime.
The Spider-Clone had originally been Cannon Fodder, created by Gerry Conway so he could briefly live and quickly die within the pages of a storyline in the mid-70s. The evil mastermind called the Jackal had grown a clone of Spider-Man, complete with memories copied from the original, for some odd reason which I cant for the life of me remember at the moment. (I mean, if I wanted to defeat a superhero, my strategy would NOT involve creating a carbon copy of him, right down to the same memories and personality as the guy I already hated.) At the end of the story, the Spider-Clone had been caught in an explosion. Peter Parker examined the body, found it was dead, and regretfully carried the corpse to the smokestack of an incinerator and dumped it in, figuring it was best to cremate the mortal remains in order to avoid compromising his own secret identity by trying to explain to the authorities where this dead lookalike had come from.
Almost twenty years later, someone at Marvel decided it would be a cute stunt to bring the Spider-Clone back. So we learned that Peter Parker had apparently done an incredibly superficial job of examining the body before dumping him in the incinerator. Before the device was fired up, the clone had woken up, dragged himself to safety, eventually recovered from his injuries, adopted the name Ben Reilly, and left town for a few years. Now he was back. This said marvelous things about Spideys ability to distinguish between a dead carcass and a living human being who should be rushed to the emergency room, eh? Remind me not to let him perform triage on me and my friends if we ever become battlefield casualties!
(If I had been working on the Spider-books in the mid-90s, and if I had become convinced that what the world really needed was an exact duplicate of the Amazing Spider-Man rubbing shoulders with the original, I would have taken an entirely different approach. Instead of finding a specious excuse for dusting off a corpse from two decades earlier that most fans of the mid-90s had either never heard of or had long since forgotten, I would have started over from scratch in order to get exactly whatever it was I thought I needed without messing up someone elses previous work. I would have started by establishing a brand new storyline about cloning and genetic engineering and whatnot, to serve as an excuse for a new clone character that shared all of Peter Parkers memories up to a certain point in his life. Without needing to shamefully insult Peters intelligence by basing my concept upon the assumption of his utter incompetence at checking a body for vital signs, way back when. Not to mention one or two other gaping plot holes I would have avoided by doing it my way. But what do I know?)
05. Act of God
Yes, I was dead. For awhile. But a Miracle happened, and now Im alive!
Not necessarily an act of the Biblical God. Im using the Act of God catchphrase to refer to any supernatural and miraculous event that seems to have been contrived by some Very Important Entity with resources and abilities much greater than those of any mortal man. Comic books are full of such Entities, and from time to time they exercise the power of Life and Death to raise the dead or heal incurably sick or injured patients.
When Kevin Smith wrote the story arc that brought Oliver Queen, the original Green Arrow, back to life in a new monthly title, he used this excuse. Hal Jordan, at a time when he was endowed with godlike power, had scraped up a few molecules of residual material from Ollies body (previously obliterated in an explosion) and used that as the basis for arranging for Ollie to come back to life, missing a good many years of his memories however.
On a similar note, Chris Claremont had a full team of X-Men die in a heroic sacrifice in Dallas in the late 80s (Colossus, Dazzler, Havok, Longshot, Psylocke, Rogue, Storm, Wolverine, as well as Madelyne Pryor, who effectively became an X-Man around that time) and then promptly brought them all back to life in the same story through the good graces of Roma, super-sorceress and daughter of Merlin. Something the eight heroes had no particular reason to expect would happen.
06. Parallel World
That wasnt me who died. It was my analog, my genetically-identical duplicate from a parallel world or alternate timeline!
Or, alternately, Yes, the me from the main world of this series died, but Im a duplicate from another world, and Im still alive and kicking!
After all, if we grant the idea of alternate histories where key events developed differently, then the question of which Parallel World should be regarded as the baseline, as opposed to being disparagingly labeled as an obscure spinoff of the Prime Reality, is all in the eye of the beholder!
Jay Faerber used a cute variation of the Parallel World excuse to bring about a happy ending for two characters in one of his Noble Causes story arcs. In what was originally the main world of Noble Causes continuity, at the start of the first four-part miniseries, the wife had seen her husband obliterated by an energy beam during their honeymoon. A few miniseries later, she conveniently ended up on a parallel world we had never heard of before, one almost exactly like the one she came from, except that in this timeline, her husband had been grieving ever since he saw his beloved wife die during the same honeymoon. They were, of course, ecstatically happy to be miraculously reunited.
Of course, many stories are labeled as occurring in their own little alternate timelines from the start, and thus the fans reading those stories are not angry when someone important dies, because they know it will have absolutely no impact upon the continuity of the regular monthly titles. Thus, no excuse for the characters future participation in those titles is necessary. On the other hand, if the character has already died in continuity, he can still be used again and again in a story set in an alternate reality where he didnt die at all. DC has the Elseworlds line, Marvel has had a couple of What If? series and now has the Exiles, and so forth.
07. Massive Retcon It Never Happened!
Retcon is abbreviated from Retroactive Continuity. It means writing a new story in which you reveal that the events of a previous story didnt happen exactly the way they were presented at the time . . . or possibly that those events have been totally erased and that nothing remotely resembling that old story ever happened!
(If just about everything that ever previously happened to a character is retconned away into oblivion, so that the character is later reintroduced as a newcomer who is starting with a clean slate, this is called a Reboot.)
Crisis on Infinite Earths created a lot of opportunities here. For years after, anything in a DC comic that seemed to contradict older stories about the same characters could easily be dismissed with the Retcon Excuse. Well, youre talking about the Pre-Crisis characters continuity. Dont you realize that this contradictory material must be part of the new-and-improved Post-Crisis version of this character? (This excuse started to wear a little thin as it became increasingly clear that sometimes one Post-Crisis storyline blatantly contradicted another Post-Crisis storyline about the same character! Even Zero Hour didnt make things any better, despite some high hopes. Although it did destroy all previous Legion of Super-Heroes continuity in one fell swoop.)
For example, the original Supergirl (Kara Zor-El, cousin of Kal-El) died a heroic death in the middle of the Crisis miniseries and was greatly mourned. But after all was said and done . . . not only had she died, she had never existed in the first place! Not that anyone could remember, anyway. Which meant that Superman had scarcely spoken a few touching words at her funeral before he forgot he might have ever done so . . . and if she eventually came back to meet her cousin Kal-El for the very first time, the excuse would presumably be that this was the first appearance of the new Kara of the Post-Crisis DC universe.
(Note: After various false alarms over the next couple of decades, a Rebooted Kara Zor-El has in fact finally met Superman for the very first time in stories written by Jeph Loeb, and it looks like this time shes here to stay. Long after I published the previous draft of this piece, I took the trouble to gather a complete list of all Supergirls who have ever been in continuity before, after, or simultaneously with the Pre-Crisis Kara Zor-El. Including some false alarms that didnt pan out. If youre interested, follow this link: Timeline of 1st Appearances of each Supergirl, Superwoman, etc. (3rd Draft))
Now I offer the revised version of the sequel from two years ago, discussing Excuses that can be used in a story to bring back the character whod previously been killed. I think Ive covered all the basic possibilities, but if I forgot any, let me know!
The 17 Excuses
01. Missing In Action PRESUMED Dead
02. Somebody Elses Body
03. Exact Replica
04. Only Mostly Dead
05. Act of God
06. Parallel World
07. Massive Retcon It Never Happened!
08. Dead But Still Active
09. Didnt You Know Im a Professional Corpse?
10. The Original is Dead; Long Live the Clone
11. Reincarnation
12. Time Travel
13. Continuing a Proud Tradition
14. Body Switching
15. The Flashback Option
16. The Ambiguous Return
17. Never Apologize; Never Explain!
(Note: For those of you who may remember the original version from two years ago, the new additions to this list are #14 and #16.)
01. Missing In Action PRESUMED Dead
We never found the body after things quieted down, so how do you know hes really dead? is the basic idea. Years after Character X was declared dead and his will went through probate, he may come knocking on the door, saying, Im back! Did you miss me? This one has actually been known to happen in real life, unlike some of the other Excuses on this list. There were soldiers who were declared dead during the turmoil of World War II, for instance, and came home years later to discover their widows had remarried to other men.
In fact, this may be the most popular excuse. Particularly if the writer of the original story that killed the character specifically anticipated that he should leave the door open for a comeback years later or perhaps was ordered to leave that door open by an editor, even if the writer personally wanted to believe he really killed the guy and said so during interviews and convention appearances and so forth. Yes, I killed Character X! Dont hold your breath waiting for me to apologize! Im glad I killed him, do you hear me? Glad, glad, glad!
A very common method to kill a character, setting things up for this excuse to be easily used later, is the Huge Explosion that Conveniently Obliterates the Physical Evidence. Of course he must have been killed in the explosion; but it was so horrendous that theres nothing left to prove it in court! Ashes to ashes, dust to dust, you know what I mean? (One popular variation is to leave behind a few scraps of his costume, perhaps a cracked helmet or a torn mask, that sort of thing, and let people assume that everything else was disintegrated.)
One example is the fate of the first version of the Doom Patrol, way back when. When their first series was facing cancellation anyway, all four of the original members died heroically in a terrible explosion. It was such a terrible explosion that various stories subsequently referring to that bleak day repeatedly stressed the point that their bodies had (apparently) been annihilated and were not even salvageable for funerals. Over the next couple of decades, I believe this absence of nice solid bodies was also used as the excuse to bring back three out of four, at different times. Robotman, Negative Man, and the Chief. (Elasti-Girl was the odd woman out she stayed dead all through the 70s, 80s, and 90s. Until a different Excuse was just recently used to bring her back in a new Doom Patrol series written by John Byrne and as I write this, that has itself been retconned away, I believe. I never actually read any of the Byrne Doom Patrol series while it was coming out, anyway.)
02. Somebody Elses Body
Yes, you found a body in terrible condition, and yes, you assumed it was mine based on strong circumstantial evidence, but it wasnt really me. You just couldnt tell the difference.
An early example in popular adventure fiction was the time Tarzans wife Jane died and returned in stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Ive read that initially, when the material about her death and Tarzans reaction to it was being written and published as a magazine serial, ERB really meant to have her stay dead so that he could have Tarzan become eligible for romance with someone else later on, but then he changed his mind and the book version which reprinted the stuff about Janes death in a wartime atrocity as the opening portion of a longer novel modified a few details, so that (a) we only knew Jane was dead because Tarzan discovered the charred skeletal remains of an adult female wearing his wifes rings after an attack upon their African home during World War I and assumed the otherwise unrecognizable body was that of his beloved, and (b) Tarzan eventually discovered at the very end of the book that a villainous German army officer had captured Jane alive, but stuck some of her jewelry on another womans corpse to confuse the issue. (This, of course, told us what Tarzans mission statement would be in the plot of the next novel.)
As a rule of thumb, this excuse works best if (a) the body is clearly that of a dead human being, but it was so hideously damaged as to be beyond positive identification, or (b) nobody on the scene knows just what the characters real face ought to look like underneath a mask, so observers look at the recognizable costume on the corpse and say Case Closed!
The beyond positive identification option was easier before DNA testing was readily available, but some writers still use that approach today when it suits them.
03. Exact Replica
Sure, there was a recognizable corpse. Sure, it was positively identified as mine. But guess what! It wasnt really me! It was just a carbon copy of me!
The most notorious use of this Excuse was probably the return of Jean Grey in 1985, five years after she had died a tragic death in the Grand Finale of the classic Dark Phoenix Saga by Chris Claremont and John Byrne. Her beloved, Scott Summers, was looking right at her when she died (implicitly by suicide, using her telekinesis to activate some sort of high-powered energy weapon aimed at herself before she went totally nuts and committed genocide again), so it seemed open-and-shut that this was in fact his sweethearts body that received a decent burial in the following issue.
However! Years later, when someone at Marvel decided it was time to reunite all five of Professor Charles Xaviers original students for a new title called X-Factor, a way was found to have the Avengers stumble across the real Jean Grey, who had been in suspended animation all this time. It was eventually determined that well before the Dark Phoenix Saga began, the cosmic Phoenix Force had somehow created an exact replica of Jeans body, duplicated Jeans memories and something of her personality, stuck its own consciousness into that replica, replaced Jean among the X-Men for the next several months without anyone (not even Professor X the super-telepath) ever knowing the difference, eventually went crazy and destroyed an inhabited world, and so on and so forth.
The X-Men and their associates have actually provided several examples of this Exact Replica excuse over the years, but I figure Ill take mercy on you and only mention the biggest one. (Especially since lately Ive been posting one draft after another of my X-Men Fatality Timeline which goes into excruciating detail on all the times X-Men have died and all the times X-Men have returned from the dead. No need to tread that ground all over again here!)
04. Only Mostly Dead
INIGO: He's dead. He can't talk.
MIRACLE MAX : Whoo-hoo-hoo, look who knows so much. It just so happens that your friend here is only MOSTLY dead. There's a big difference between mostly dead and all dead. Mostly dead is slightly alive. With all dead, well, with all dead there's usually only one thing you can do.
INIGO: What's that?
MIRACLE MAX : Go through his clothes and look for loose change. (This dialogue was quoted from The Princess Bride)
Or, to put it another way, if Character X ever comes back from a Mostly Dead condition, his line will be: Yes, you identified my body. Yes, you checked for a pulse, and didnt find one. But couldnt you tell I wasnt really dead?
One of the most high-profile and shameless examples of this particular excuse is the infamous return of the Spider-Clone after he had been presumed dead and cremated for almost twenty years realtime.
The Spider-Clone had originally been Cannon Fodder, created by Gerry Conway so he could briefly live and quickly die within the pages of a storyline in the mid-70s. The evil mastermind called the Jackal had grown a clone of Spider-Man, complete with memories copied from the original, for some odd reason which I cant for the life of me remember at the moment. (I mean, if I wanted to defeat a superhero, my strategy would NOT involve creating a carbon copy of him, right down to the same memories and personality as the guy I already hated.) At the end of the story, the Spider-Clone had been caught in an explosion. Peter Parker examined the body, found it was dead, and regretfully carried the corpse to the smokestack of an incinerator and dumped it in, figuring it was best to cremate the mortal remains in order to avoid compromising his own secret identity by trying to explain to the authorities where this dead lookalike had come from.
Almost twenty years later, someone at Marvel decided it would be a cute stunt to bring the Spider-Clone back. So we learned that Peter Parker had apparently done an incredibly superficial job of examining the body before dumping him in the incinerator. Before the device was fired up, the clone had woken up, dragged himself to safety, eventually recovered from his injuries, adopted the name Ben Reilly, and left town for a few years. Now he was back. This said marvelous things about Spideys ability to distinguish between a dead carcass and a living human being who should be rushed to the emergency room, eh? Remind me not to let him perform triage on me and my friends if we ever become battlefield casualties!
(If I had been working on the Spider-books in the mid-90s, and if I had become convinced that what the world really needed was an exact duplicate of the Amazing Spider-Man rubbing shoulders with the original, I would have taken an entirely different approach. Instead of finding a specious excuse for dusting off a corpse from two decades earlier that most fans of the mid-90s had either never heard of or had long since forgotten, I would have started over from scratch in order to get exactly whatever it was I thought I needed without messing up someone elses previous work. I would have started by establishing a brand new storyline about cloning and genetic engineering and whatnot, to serve as an excuse for a new clone character that shared all of Peter Parkers memories up to a certain point in his life. Without needing to shamefully insult Peters intelligence by basing my concept upon the assumption of his utter incompetence at checking a body for vital signs, way back when. Not to mention one or two other gaping plot holes I would have avoided by doing it my way. But what do I know?)
05. Act of God
Yes, I was dead. For awhile. But a Miracle happened, and now Im alive!
Not necessarily an act of the Biblical God. Im using the Act of God catchphrase to refer to any supernatural and miraculous event that seems to have been contrived by some Very Important Entity with resources and abilities much greater than those of any mortal man. Comic books are full of such Entities, and from time to time they exercise the power of Life and Death to raise the dead or heal incurably sick or injured patients.
When Kevin Smith wrote the story arc that brought Oliver Queen, the original Green Arrow, back to life in a new monthly title, he used this excuse. Hal Jordan, at a time when he was endowed with godlike power, had scraped up a few molecules of residual material from Ollies body (previously obliterated in an explosion) and used that as the basis for arranging for Ollie to come back to life, missing a good many years of his memories however.
On a similar note, Chris Claremont had a full team of X-Men die in a heroic sacrifice in Dallas in the late 80s (Colossus, Dazzler, Havok, Longshot, Psylocke, Rogue, Storm, Wolverine, as well as Madelyne Pryor, who effectively became an X-Man around that time) and then promptly brought them all back to life in the same story through the good graces of Roma, super-sorceress and daughter of Merlin. Something the eight heroes had no particular reason to expect would happen.
06. Parallel World
That wasnt me who died. It was my analog, my genetically-identical duplicate from a parallel world or alternate timeline!
Or, alternately, Yes, the me from the main world of this series died, but Im a duplicate from another world, and Im still alive and kicking!
After all, if we grant the idea of alternate histories where key events developed differently, then the question of which Parallel World should be regarded as the baseline, as opposed to being disparagingly labeled as an obscure spinoff of the Prime Reality, is all in the eye of the beholder!
Jay Faerber used a cute variation of the Parallel World excuse to bring about a happy ending for two characters in one of his Noble Causes story arcs. In what was originally the main world of Noble Causes continuity, at the start of the first four-part miniseries, the wife had seen her husband obliterated by an energy beam during their honeymoon. A few miniseries later, she conveniently ended up on a parallel world we had never heard of before, one almost exactly like the one she came from, except that in this timeline, her husband had been grieving ever since he saw his beloved wife die during the same honeymoon. They were, of course, ecstatically happy to be miraculously reunited.
Of course, many stories are labeled as occurring in their own little alternate timelines from the start, and thus the fans reading those stories are not angry when someone important dies, because they know it will have absolutely no impact upon the continuity of the regular monthly titles. Thus, no excuse for the characters future participation in those titles is necessary. On the other hand, if the character has already died in continuity, he can still be used again and again in a story set in an alternate reality where he didnt die at all. DC has the Elseworlds line, Marvel has had a couple of What If? series and now has the Exiles, and so forth.
07. Massive Retcon It Never Happened!
Retcon is abbreviated from Retroactive Continuity. It means writing a new story in which you reveal that the events of a previous story didnt happen exactly the way they were presented at the time . . . or possibly that those events have been totally erased and that nothing remotely resembling that old story ever happened!
(If just about everything that ever previously happened to a character is retconned away into oblivion, so that the character is later reintroduced as a newcomer who is starting with a clean slate, this is called a Reboot.)
Crisis on Infinite Earths created a lot of opportunities here. For years after, anything in a DC comic that seemed to contradict older stories about the same characters could easily be dismissed with the Retcon Excuse. Well, youre talking about the Pre-Crisis characters continuity. Dont you realize that this contradictory material must be part of the new-and-improved Post-Crisis version of this character? (This excuse started to wear a little thin as it became increasingly clear that sometimes one Post-Crisis storyline blatantly contradicted another Post-Crisis storyline about the same character! Even Zero Hour didnt make things any better, despite some high hopes. Although it did destroy all previous Legion of Super-Heroes continuity in one fell swoop.)
For example, the original Supergirl (Kara Zor-El, cousin of Kal-El) died a heroic death in the middle of the Crisis miniseries and was greatly mourned. But after all was said and done . . . not only had she died, she had never existed in the first place! Not that anyone could remember, anyway. Which meant that Superman had scarcely spoken a few touching words at her funeral before he forgot he might have ever done so . . . and if she eventually came back to meet her cousin Kal-El for the very first time, the excuse would presumably be that this was the first appearance of the new Kara of the Post-Crisis DC universe.
(Note: After various false alarms over the next couple of decades, a Rebooted Kara Zor-El has in fact finally met Superman for the very first time in stories written by Jeph Loeb, and it looks like this time shes here to stay. Long after I published the previous draft of this piece, I took the trouble to gather a complete list of all Supergirls who have ever been in continuity before, after, or simultaneously with the Pre-Crisis Kara Zor-El. Including some false alarms that didnt pan out. If youre interested, follow this link: Timeline of 1st Appearances of each Supergirl, Superwoman, etc. (3rd Draft))