The Lasting Influence                                                    of The Man Who Laughs                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The                                                                most well known                                                                of many creative                                                                references in popular                                                                culture to Victor                                                                Hugo's The Man Who                                                                Laughs is found                                                                in Batman's nemesis                                                                The Joker. 
                                                              
                                                              The character's                                                                co-creator, Bob                                                                Kane, described                                                                in a 1970 interview                                                                how a photo of Conrad                                                                Veidt's Gwynplaine                                                                was an early influence                                                                on The Joker's appearance.
                                                              
                                                              Like Gwynplaine,                                                                The Joker is also                                                                the victim of a                                                                horrid disfigurement,                                                                though the comic                                                                book character's                                                                face is changed                                                                by an accident in                                                                which he is immersed                                                                in a vat of chemicals,                                                                bleaching his skin                                                                and discoloring                                                                his hair. Unlike                                                                Gwynplaine, who                                                                is a truly heartbreaking                                                                victim with an origin                                                                born of a stark,                                                                historical reality                                                                that leaves him                                                                somwhat reclusive,                                                                The Joker is a sociopathic                                                                serial-killer with                                                                a psychotic sense                                                                of morbid showmanship.
                                                              
                                                              James Ellroy also                                                                invoked the image                                                                of Gwynplaine in                                                                his novel The Black                                                                Dahlia as a clue                                                                to revealing the                                                                motive behind one                                                                of the victim's                                                                many grotesque wounds.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
		
		
	
	
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                A                                                              gothic horror tale                                                              entitled 'Sardonicus'                                                              appeared in a 1961                                                              edition of Playboy                                                              and was turned into                                                              a low-budget horror                                                              film by William Castle,                                                              the director of The                                                              Tingler, The House                                                              on Haunted Hill and                                                              13 Ghosts. Titled                                                              Mr. Sardonicus, the                                                              film told the story                                                              of a man who is cursed                                                              with 'risus sardonicus,'                                                              a locked spasm of                                                              the facial muscles,                                                              upon the sight of                                                              his father's corpse                                                              during a moonlit graverobbing.