This may be an unpopular view (but I'm old and with that age I've earned the right to be unpopular) but personally I think you can start fixing the problem by allowing people to fail!
Now I'm speaking from a Canadian perspective (and a regional one at that) but nobody ever fails anymore? When I was in grade school (in the 70's) in the vicinity of 10 to 15% of the class failed ....hell I have professional friends who have failed a grade. That's where a lot of our motivation came from, the desire not to be the only kid in grade 4 shaving between classes.
And Awards night?.....everybody gets a freaking award now a days....everybody gets to walk up on the stage......long gone are the days when you had to excel to be praised.......you award everyone you award no-one. How hard is it to motivate a student who doesn't see a lot of downside in being a slacker? Internal motivation is great as Harls here attests to but what about the students who aren't internally motivated??, to me the system as it exists todays is not effective as an external motivator.
I have a son ( I love my son
) who was a constant problem in school (he's all grown up now and successful I might add)....I'd get calls weekly from the principal at my office......and I remember one specific Parent teacher meeting conversing with one of my son's teacher who would just repeatedly use flowery terms like "joy to work with", "good student", "pleasure to be around"......spare me the nonsense, I know my son and I know the calls I'm getting....a joy he is not. But in my experience teachers are afraid to be negative towards a child in front of their parents.....because parents (in my experience) don't like being told their child is average or struggling.