The results suggest first that countries are relatively evenly distributed between a tendency to oppose and a tendency to support religious homogeneity. However, the majority of countries tend to support the idea of cultural homogeneity; on average, majorities in nineteen of these twenty-one countries agree that ‘It is better for a country if almost everyone shares the same customs and traditions’. Countries from Eastern and Southern Europe, especially the Czech Republic, Poland, Portugal and Greece, had the highest apparent level of support for homogeneity.
By contrast, the United States appears distinct in its greater tolerance of cultural and religious diversity.With regard to religious homogeneity, the United States and France are more opposed to this ideal than nearly every other country in the sample.
With regard to cultural homogeneity, the United States is less supportive than every European country in the sample. It appears that the long history of ethnic and religious diversity in the United States has produced a distinctive, and more favorable, orientation toward cultural heterogeneity.
However, as we show below, in the United States as elsewhere, those less accepting of cultural diversity tend to be more opposed to immigration.