Mal'Akai said:
10 commandments vs. the book of Leviticus. More specifically, the, "Thou shalt not kill" verus all the thing Leviticus lists that someone should be put to death for.
In the original Hebrew, there's two words which would be closest to our modern English "kill"...
ratsach and
nakah.
Nakah is used over 500 times in the Old Testament alone; it's seen in such verses as David slaying Goliath, or the righteous conquering of armies. It does not translate literally to "kill", but is often given that definition by context. More accurately, the term would mean "to strike, defeat, or conquer".
Ratsach is the word used in the Fifth Commandment, and its meaning can be discerned by studying passages like this...
In Judges 20:4, it describes the killing of a woman who was in a house that was
beset upon by night by a gang of evil men.
In 1 Kings 21:19, the Lord rhetorically asks Ahab if he has
ratsached. This is
after Ahab has concluded a plot to do away with Naboth by having two fellows say they have heard Naboth blaspheme. (This word also describes Ahab in 2 Kings 6:32.)
In Job 24:14, it describes one who in the light sets upon the poor and the needy, and is a thief at night.
In Psalms 62:3, it describes the fate of someone who is
not prepared for what will happen to them, for they have no foundation in God. In Psalms 94:6, it describes the wicked who kill the widow and the stranger -- those who are
helpless and disoriented.
In Proverbs 22:13, it describes something a
lion will do to the slothful man.
In Hosea 6:9, it is applied to priests who commit iniquity, with a comparison to
a troop of robbers waiting for someone.
Taken together, a simple definition of
ratsach can be inferred: It refers to any killing that is done
in the manner of a predatory animal -- which means either 1) as an angry reaction to stimulus; or 2) lying in wait, as one waits for prey.
So, the more accurate English term for the Fifth Commandment would be "Do not commit murder."