First of all, I just want to say thank you for thinking this through and taking it seriously because I believe it is a debate worth having. You made a lot of good points.
A) Why does it matter wether or not most people will encounter mutants in their day-to-day lives? If anything, that increases the likelihood that people will hold prejudiced views about Mutants.
You're right, I had it backwards. People are more likely to view groups stereotypically if they don't actually encounter members of that group. However, the persecuted population would still need to be a certain size in order for this to cause social problems. Fact is, people wouldn't bother passing anti-mutant laws or even talking about mutants if there were barely any mutants in the town.
The places where racism is a problem are where there are a lot of different ethnicities, and the biggest problems are between the largest groups. For example, check out the demographics of Milwaukee, which is frequently listed as one of the most segregated cities in the nation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee#Demographics If mutants were as high as even 1% of the population, the persecution still wouldn't be analogous to the reality of racial conflicts.
B) Not caring about an entire group of people is a form of bigotry.
It may simply be sensible. Most people I meet who claim to care about far-away groups like "starving Africans" or "children working in Chinese sweatshops" don't actually care about them. They publicly support those groups as a way to get attention for themselves or privately support them as a way to feel self-righteous. Those that actually do care have usually met one or more of those people. It's impossible to truly empathize with every person on the planet, so most people stick to caring about people they actually know. That makes sense and is not hateful.
Others assume that they don't know enough about a particular group or situation to make a judgement, and that is wise, not bigoted. Ferguson was trending recently, but a lot of people who tweeted about it had no idea what was going on over there. Was it really helpful for those people to share their uninformed opinion?
What you're saying here is that the only thing that makes the idea of super powers interesting is that only a rare few people have super powers. I don't buy that.
I agree, it's not the only factor. Even if everyone had superpowers, it would still be interesting to see how their specific powers interact with each other. However, one basic appeal of superhumans is seeing how the existence of exceptional people would impact our society. When a significant portion of our society has superpowers, superpowers stop being exceptional by definition, and it stops being our society too.
Let's play the word replace game:
"Queer people have no obvious unifying traits, so it would be impossible to stereotype them. Nobody goes around making fun of people with Type-AB blood…all these queer people have in common is non-mainstream sexual preference/identity. Some are gay, some some are bi. Some are transgendered, some aren't. Some are butch, some are femme, and some fall in the middle. Some are able to pass as straight. How do you even talk about them as a single group, much less oppress them?"
This word-replace doesn't make sense as a criticism of my point because queer people DO have an obvious unifying trait...atypical sexuality. Even so, specific prejudices about queer people usually sub-divide into specific stereotypes. For example, it is not unusual for straight males to avoid gay men but be excited by the idea of meeting a lesbian couple. If we were using the idea of mutants as a metaphor for queer people, we would expect mutant stereotyping to be more specific. For example, we would expect normal humans to maybe fear mind-readers in particular but have no opinion of teleporters, and for some mutations to be favored (you can bet a lot of men would want to date shapeshifters).
But nope, it's always "We alllll hate alllll mutants!" for some reason...that is what I mean when I say that the X-Men are a poor metaphor for racism or homophobia. The complexities of those issues are almost totally unexplorable because that nature of gene mutation as a unifying trait is totally different from sexual preference or ethnic appearance. It's nature as a unifying trait is most comparable to blood type.
Bigotry is and always has been completely arbitrary. It doesn't make logical sense. Race is a social construct. "Normal" gender identity and sexual orientation is a social construct. If you went to ancient Rome, our concepts of "gay" and "black" would be completely alien to them. The way we divide ourselves in society is largely arbitrary, and the ways we oppress and mistreat each other and the things we choose to deem as less are equally arbitrary.
Incorrect. If a black slave escaped a plantation in the 1850s, was his lifelong hatred of white people arbitrary? There is history and logic behind every division we have in society. I'm not saying any of these divisions are just, I'm saying they have all happened for a reason, not arbitrarily.
Marvel has never given us the reason humanity hates mutants. Knowing the reason why mutants are viewed in a different light from other superhumans is important information we are never given, leading to mutants feeling out-of-place in the universe. My theory is that we aren't shown the reason because no one has been able to think of one that makes sense.
Yes, there is no denying that. And it adds a level of complication and nuance that you very rarely see in mainstream oppression narratives but is very true to life. There are always going to be practical considerations and complications when dealing with the rights of individuals and oppressed groups that make the whole situation more involved than simply saying "hey everyone, let's be nice to each other!" The X-Men creates a scenario that asks us to address a very real practical concern while doing so in a way that is in the best interests of both society and the individual at the center of it and respects that individuals civil liberties and agency.
In fifty years of X-Men stories, the authors have never explored this idea as well as it was in The Incredibles. The Civil War event also explored this theme (but poorly). Neither needed mutants to explore it, just superhumans.
Mutants are an especially applicable metaphor for neurodiverse individuals. People with mental illnesses can, if their illnesses are severe enough, pose a danger to themselves and, in some very rare instances, to others. Obviously, it is the responsibility of society to keep that individual and those around that individual safe and healthy. But the problem is doing so in a way that still acknowledges the individuals rights and worth and a human being. Very often in our society, the mentally ill are treated as freaks and potential violent criminals, and are often mistreated by the authorities who do not know or care about the subtleties of their condition of their basic rights as a human being. This attitude has its origins in a reasonable concern for safety, but has through callousness and carelessness morphed into a vicious form of oppression and margenalization, caution and fear devoid entirely of compassion or respect.
This is a great point. You've really nailed on the head that the best possible (and possibly only) way to use the persecution of the X-Men metaphorically is a representation of people with mental illnesses. However, as with your last point, the metaphor is equally fulfilled by superhumans in general. For example, The Hulk could be used as a superb metaphor for someone with split personality disorder or anger management issues, and he is not a mutant.
Bigotry is not rational. If it were, it wouldn't be bigotry, it would be a reasonable distinction.
The issue with using a gene mutation as a catalyst for bigotry isn't that it's irrational, the issue is that it's impractical. Without testing their blood, how could the average person know whether someone was a mutant rather than a different type of superhuman? If someone hated mutants, you would expect them to hate all superhumans, because it would be impossible for most people to tell the difference. However, we are repeatedly shown that the general population loves The Avengers and The Fantastic Four, yet hates the X-Men. That makes no sense.
The emotional reasoning behind this discrepancy is simple: They used to be one of us, so it's okay. They got their powers through science, through a process that comes as a result of our scientific accomplishments and that we can control, so it's okay. They are an extension of us, they're not here to replace us, so it's okay.
Add to that the fact that the populace of the MU generally assumes that any superhero who's origin is not public knowledge is a Mutant, and it makes exactly as much sense as real world prejudice.
Captain America is, in essence, the superhero equivalent of Macklemore.
This is a great point in theory and the Macklemore comment was a funny way to summarize it.
However, this does not reflect how humans actually react to natural changes. We know from real-world issues like GMOs, embryonic stem cell research, sex change operations and "designer babies" that it's actually human attempts at changing things that get social backlash and protest. It's also clear that whenever a change is considered undesirable, there is always an attempt to blame it on humans (like global warming or the extinction of honey bees.) For these reasons, I believe the average person would be more likely to persecute human-made superhumans than mutants, if they were somehow able to tell the difference between the two.
Basically, it's hard for me to imagine a significant portion of the population hating what appears to be a natural change in our species, especially if they are aware aliens exist and mutations therefore mean humanity will have a better chance at surviving on a galactic scale. It would be much more realistic if fringe groups were shown trying to prove super-mutations were actually caused by humans if they wanted society to hate them.
There's a clear difference between "talented" and "super powered." There's a very clear difference between "I'm really good at math" and "I am a 15 foot tall six armed guy with purple skin who can transmute matter with my mind."
There's a difference between "talented" and "freak." Not a logical difference, because as I said there's nothing about this that is logical, but an emotional one. An "I know it when I see it" one.
The people you mentioned had human talents that fall in line with what we expect from people. There was nothing about them that seemed other or alien in our cultural landscape. And they were things that we, as the insecure egotists that many of us are, could convince ourselves was do to hard work and human ingenuity.
If mutants actually existed as they do in Marvel, there is no doubt that they would face prejudice and persecution.
You're right that talent and superpowers aren't exactly the same, but why would someone with superpower be hated? If we defined a superpower as an extremely exceptional talent, why wouldn't that be extremely-exceptionally-embraced by society? You haven't explained why increasing the level of advantage would lead to an individual suddenly being rejected rather than embraced.
If you have an answer to that, then the follow-up question would be: why would the origin of the superpowers being a natural mutation make any difference in whether or not that individual was rejected by society?
If the metaphor isn't worth preserving, then the X-Men aren't worth preserving, because that is everything they are about.
I disagree. The characters are still awesome without the mutant persecution angle, and the relationships between them are largely unaffected by whether or not they are persecuted. There is also the option to have them persecuted for a reason other than their DNA.
Magneto becomes a pointless character without the metaphor. Malcolm X without a civil rights movement to fight in is just a guy yelling about nothing.
Magneto can still fight for superhumans and view them as the rightful masters of regular humans without the idea of some are persecuted because their powers were natural. The origin of the powers does not effect Magneto's cause.
Yes, the original idea was born out of laziness. And then it grew into something more than that, because other writers came along and turned a failing series into the single biggest Marvel franchise.
You're treating the mutant persecution angle as though it is the source of life for the series. This angle was already used before the first run was cancelled. The later success is due to better characterization and stories. After all, the coolness of Wolverine has nothing to do with his resistance to prejudice and the Dark Pheonix saga stayed away from the theme entirely.
I disagree completely, for the reasons mentioned above, but I just wanted to point out: Since when does humanity love The Hulk?
This is actually evidence that society would be more likely to judge each superhuman on their individual actions rather than the origin of their superpower. It would just be too difficult to stereotype when each one is so unique.
I think it's a pretty simple fix. Mutants make their big debut after all of this other superhero stuff. Say that the presence of the X-Gene is growing at an exponential rate, and that because of that they're going from a small handful to thousands in just a few generations. Society reacts negatively to them, because they're random freaks popping up unpredictably in huge numbers instead of isolated and mostly controlled instances of beloved public figures obtaining their abilities from human science.
I agree that the best way to approach the idea of mutant persecution would be to place it's introduction later in the history of the MCU than the Avengers/Spider-Man/Inhumans etc. It simply does not fit into the universe otherwise.
Also, it depends on how the Inhumans play out, but I don't think they'll end up stepping on any potential X-Men toes. The Inhumans aren't very much like Mutants. They're an organized, isolated society that is "invading" human society. They're more like aliens or Atlanteans than they are like Mutants.
Persecution of the people of an organized, isolated society like Atlanteans or Inhumans would be a better metaphor for racism than the X-Men are capable of. I would rather see that theme explored with either of those than another attempt with the X-Men.