How much of the film was taken from the comics?
		
		
	 
Well, it isn't like 300 or Sin City, you know, literally ripped from the pages, but it takes heavy influence from Brubaker's run which started ran from '04 to '11 (a very long run far as modern comics are concerned). Specifically the first 12 issues or so, dealing with the Winter Soldier.
There's plenty of original elements to the narrative and a few bits taken from other stories (Hydra doesn't play much into those 12 issues, but sleeper/double agents do, terrorist organizations that front as companies, etc.)
The tone, choices in the action scenes, directly out of the book. And Steve's personal struggles, (dealing with being an enemy of the state comes up later in Bru's run). The movie is in a unique position because Stan Lee brought Cap out of the ice 50 years ago, he's seen a lot since he woke up. But time moves a lot slower in the books, with a shifting timeline, so some storylines when they chose to (and when it is pulled off well) still are able to bring in that man out of time aspect, even though he's been awake for a while.
In the MCU, these are all his first experiences with a new world. Almost a double edged sword, because in the books he's been awake for so long when Bucky comes back and it hits him very hard. In the movies it does as well, but he's been awake maybe a year or two? The movies will have to get creative with some villains because it takes away from Cap to bring back to many element s from his original time period, kind of like when Superman, "The Last Krpyonian", has 13 other Kryptonians running around (One reason, unfortunately, I don't think the Red Skull should come back, unless it is as a grand threat in a future Avengers film). But the movie adapted that part of the story exceptionally well. And the main objective for Steve in both mediums was waking Bucky up as well. And the Winter Soldier in the books has grown into a very compelling character in his own right, something the MCU can possibly pull from in the future.
The Dark Knight was able to create a unique original tale taken from decades of stories, they had a lot of liberty to take that classic confrontation which everyone knows, Batman vs. The Joker and expand on it. The Winter Soldier is the most recent comic storyline to be adapted to film in the MCU, so the focus there was probably more to do it the justice it deserves, putting it on the big screen for the first time, and they can expand the character as we move forward. A benefit of the universe building episodic nature of the MCU franchise.
	
		
	
	
		
		
			Two scenes in particular
[YT]7e6JJWXRFGA[/YT]
		
		
	 
The interrogation scene is top notch.
When I saw TDK in the theatres I was literally on the edge of my seat the whole time. (Alternatively in the Winter Soldier I guess you could say I was blown back; two different forms of adrenaline in the film making, haha.)
I was so invested in the narrative that I forgot they showed the scene of Joker in his jail cell in the trailers, and thought they actually killed Gordon. When Joker is escalating the weaponry in the Dent transport/tunnel sequence I felt like I was actually in Gotham, thinking "where is the Batman?" with everyone else. Followed by his reveal in the Tumbler, crashing into that garbage truck I was ready to cheer.
On top of all that it was very heated in the theatre, literally, as the AC unit broke, so I was practically building a sweat on top of all the intensity that film contains. It was a while ride.