I'll start adding some relating to the movie here:
First, all three of the villians tap into a different part of Bruce Wayne, becoming twisted versions of himself.
Penguin represents the obsessed child. Both were "abandoned" from their parents, albiet in different ways. Both of their actions and gadgets are determined by their childhood. Because Batman's parents died, he protects the city; because Oswald's parent's abandoned him, he wants to destroy the city. Also, you can compare Oswalds gadget umbrellas and giant duck car to Batman's gadgets and the Batmobile.
Max Shreck represents the "human." Much like Bruce goes out into the world of the day as a different person, so does Max. Bruce Wayne makes himself known with that name to the public as a common business man while secretly protecting it; Max Shreck makes does the same to the public while secretly destroying it.
Finally, Selina represents the revenge-seeker. Much like Batman sought revenge in the end of '89 for his parent's death, so does Selina want revenge for Shreck "murdering" her. Because of their loss, they both dressed up in strange costumes, each unleashing an animal power inside them like a totum. And like Batman did not get satasfaction for the death of The Joker, as shown by her looking up at the Bat-symbol in the costume, neither did she.