Where is it foreshadowed that Robb would kill Joffrey? Having them as same age rivals during a few days certainly doesn't foreshadow something so specific.
More so in the book, they are both boy kings and natural rivals. In A Game of Thrones, Robb challenges Joffrey to a sparring match at Winterfell and Joff accepts... but then reneges because Robb is younger and still using a training sword. It is considered unfinished business that their paths (swords) shall cross again. Given that Joffrey then executes his father, and Robb is visibly the rightful boy king versus the evil one by the end of the book, I finished it clearly thinking there would be a showdown between the two. And that assumption is intentional by the author. The boy king of the slain father is also a fantasy/generic storytelling trope.
I don't see anything foreshadowing Ned beating Jaime either, especially not in the books where Jaime is described as a vastly superior fighter.
This one is more in the show, but it is heavily foreshadowed that in the first season Ned and Jaime are the two best swordsmen on the show. Jaime alludes to that fact when they meet at Winterfell and Ned says he doesn't want Jaime to know how good he is. After he nearly kills Bran, and Ned suspects the Lannisters, their next meeting before the Iron Throne escalates the tension they shall have a sword fight and discover who is the better man. Most viewers want/believe Ned will kill Jaime and avenge Bran's crippling.
Instead their one sword fight is cut short before it gets started by a Lannister guard and we never see who is the better fighter. This is typical hero/villain logic that they will have unfinished business in the "third act" (or at least down the road on a TV series). Instead Ned is executed with a lame leg.
Arya's list isn't foreshadowing either, it's just the character expressing her hate and desire and not any inevitable conclusion.
Oh come on now, if you didn't think this foreshadowed some of the deaths, many of which did come to pass, including in the immediacy when she ordered Jaquen to kill several nearby names on her list, then you're just refusing to see it is setting up for the reader a thirst for vengeance. Arya will get Joffrey. Or Robb. Some Stark will.
Instead he is killed by a conspiracy we don't understand for hundreds of pages (or a number of episodes) that doesn't involve the Starks, and it ends up getting another character we like (Tyrion) sentenced wrongfully to death.
Red Wedding is foreshadowed in the books, which is done both in the House of the Undying and by Patchface on Dragonstone. The same thing with Jon being Rhaegar and Lyanna's son in a few different places. That's proper foreshadowing with specific events being hinted at in ways that are at least clear after the fact and often clear enough for there to be a chance of connecting the dots beforehand.
You mean like "Red eyes, blue eyes, green eyes?"
Azor Ahai is one of those strongly foreshadowing things that people figured what it meant, but had to speculate who it was as several characters fit the description. It's not some vague thing like that a character wants to get revenge on someone else, it's a clear prophecy and one of those that has been seen like a Chekov's Gun because it has tangible traces in what's happening. Just like the Valonqar prophecy that has everything fulfilled in the show, except the final piece.
I honestly never put much stock in the Azor Ahai prophecy. It is too vague and the person who was the must gung ho about sharing it got it wildly wrong by betting on Stannis, who clearly was never it. Words are wind is a common refrain in the show. Only Maggy the Frog's prophecies have had much validity.