We spent weeks on this in Criminology classes. Weeks. Endless heated debates, papers, etc. And I came out of it believing that there simply is no logical reason to go on with it.
First, it is, at heart, a moral hypocrisy. You're going to say it's wrong to kill someone in cold blood and then you're going to kill someone in cold blood? Are you freaking kidding me?
Second, what does the person's death accomplish? It is simply a proven fact that the families and loved ones who have lost people do not generally just "get over" the death of their loved one or find any kind of peace in the death of their loved one's killer. Most speak about how forgiving that person is the only way they've found peace.
It doesn't deter crime. Most murders, and indeed most "brutal" crimes are spur of the moment, or crimes of passion, or drug-induced and unlikely to be deterred by thinking "Will I get the death penalty for this"? Do you see murder rates going up or down after someone is put to death? Entire studies have been done on this, go look it up.
It is cruel and unusual punishment. I don't care what the person did, the methods we use to put people to death cause immense pain and suffering. Just because you can't see the person suffering doesn't mean they aren't. Google lethal injection and look at what it does to the human body.
Three drugs are used. The first one is sodium thipental, an ultrashort-acting drug. It acts within a minute to make the brain unconscious. From that point on, it begins to wear off. Depending on the dosage, the individual may wake up within three or four minutes. The second drug is called succinylcholine. It acts at the point where the nerves enervate the muscles and it causes an overstimulation of the muscle, so you get twitching all over the body. The muscles are then completely flacid and unable to move. This drug will act for about 10 minutes, but if given in much larger doses it can act longer. The final drug that is used is potassium chloride. We use that drug to stop the heart beating when we are doing heart surgery and in lethal injection, it is used to stop the heart beating, never to start again.
Question:
What can go wrong in lethal injections?
Answer:
In misuse of the drugs, the thiopental will cause the patient to look like he is falling asleep. The second drug will paralyze him. If the drugs are not given properly, the sleep drug can wear off, allowing the patient to be aware, but unable to move, even to breathe. He undergoes suffocation and asphyxiation in a horribly painful way, even though he looks completely calm as he is lying on the table. Then, he experiences that deep burning sensation as the potassium courses through his veins on the way to the heart.
Question:
How often are mistakes made?
Answer:
We know that in about 40% of cases where lethal injection has been used, there has been misuse in one way or another and it has taken as long as 45 minutes for the person to die. The problem is they tried to make this a very sterile kind of a procedure, but no matter how you dress it up, you are still killing someone.
Question:
What can go wrong technically?
Answer:
The chemistry of the drugs is such that thiopental and succinylcholine, when they react to each other, cause a precipitation of a white, flaky substance that will block up the needle from the IV. What has happened in a number of cases is that they give the thiopental and follow with the succinylcholine, then they get this precipitate whichs blocks the needle. The thiopental wears off. The patient is partly paralyzed and partly not, and begins to move around. In a number of circumstances, they have to close the curtains so that people can't see the struggling. Sometimes they have to start all over again. It's not a clean process because the people who are using the drugs aren't trained to use them.
There's the money element. It costs a TON of money to keep someone on Death Row, and to put them to death. It varies from state to state, but to keep a prisoner for LIFE in prison is cheaper than keeping him on Death Row for ten years. It also costs taxpayers a LOT of money in legal fees, because Death Row inmates have an almost endless amount of appeals, all bills of which are generally footed by taxpayer dollars.
But the best reason not to keep doing it? It is a practice that isn't carried out fairly or, much of the time, accurately. There have been many innocent people put to death simply because they weren't represented properly. And it is a massive economic disparity between those who die and those who don't. The people you see on Death Row are there because they were too poor to afford proper representation or because they are mentally unsound. You don't see too many rich men on Death Row, do you?
I'm for solitary confinement, bread and water, etc. Which may be even crueller and more unusual.