Descriptions
Hesiod's Echidna was half beautiful maiden (presumably the upper half) and half fearsome snake. Hesiod described "the goddess fierce Echidna" as a flesh eating "monster, irresistible", who was like neither "mortal men" nor "the undying gods", but was "half a nymph with glancing eyes and fair cheeks, and half again a huge snake, great and awful, with speckled skin", who "dies not nor grows old all her days."
[9] Hesiod's apparent association of the eating of raw flesh with Echidna's snake half, suggests that Hesiod may have supposed that Echidna's snake half ended in a snake-head.
[10] And
Aristophanes, who makes Echidna a monster of the underworld, gives her a hundred heads (presumably snake heads), matching the hundred snake heads Hesiod says her mate
Typhon had.
[11]
In the Orphic account (mentioned above) Echidna is described as having the head of a beautiful woman with long hair, and a serpent's body from the neck down.
[12] Nonnus, in his
Dionysiaca, describes Echidna as being "hideous", with "horrible poison".
[13]
Offspring
According to
Hesiod's
Theogony, the "terrible" and "lawless" Typhon, "was joined in love to [Echidna], the maid with glancing eyes" and she bore "fierce offspring".
[14] First there was
Orthrus, the two-headed dog who guarded the Cattle of
Geryon, second
Cerberus, the multiheaded dog who guarded the gates of
Hades, and third the
Lernaean Hydra, the many-headed serpent who, when one of its heads was cut off, grew two more.
[15] The
Theogony may also have given Echidna as the mother of the
Chimera, a fire-breathing beast that was part lion, part goat, and had a snake-headed tail,
[16] though possibly the Hydra or even Ceto was meant as the mother of the Chimera instead.
[17] Hesiod next mentions the
Sphinx and the
Nemean lion as having been the offspring of Echidna's son Orthrus, by another ambiguous "she", read variously as the Chimera, Echidna herself, or even Ceto.
[18] In any case, the 6th century BC
lyric poet Lasus of Hermione, has Echidna and Typhon as the parents of the Sphinx,
[19] while the 5th century BC playwright
Euripides, has Echidna as her mother, without mentioning a father.
[20] To this list of offspring of Echidna and Typhon, the 6th century BC mythographer
Acusilaus (along with mentions of Cerberus and "other monsters") adds the
Caucasian Eagle, that every day ate the liver of
Prometheus,
[21] and Pherecydes also names Prometheus' eagle, and adds
Ladon, the dragon that guarded the
golden apples in the
Garden of the Hesperides (according to Hesiod, the offspring of Ceto and Phorcys).
Later authors mostly retain these
offspring of Echidna and Typhon while adding others.
Apollodorus, in addition to having as their offspring Orthrus, the Chimera (citing Hesiod as his source), the Sphinx, the
Caucasian Eagle, Ladon, and probably the Nemean lion (only Typhon is named), also has the
Crommyonian Sow, killed by the hero
Theseus (unmentioned by Hesiod).
Hyginus in his list of offspring of Echidna (all by Typhon), retains from the above: Cerberus, the Chimera, the Sphinx,
the Hydra and Ladon, and adds "Gorgon" (by which Hyginus means the mother of
Medusa rather than Hesiod's three
Gorgons, daughters of Phorcys and Ceto, of which Medusa was one), the
Colchian Dragon that guarded the
Golden Fleece[26] and
Scylla.
Nonnus makes Echidna the mother of an unnamed, venom spitting, "huge" son, with "snaky" feet, an ally of
Cronus in his war with
Zeus, who was killed by
Ares. The sea serpents which attacked the Trojan priest
Laocoön, during the
Trojan War, were perhaps supposed to be the progeny of Echdna and Typhon. Echidna was also supposed to be the mother by
Heracles, of Scythes, an eponymous king of the
Scythians, along with his brothers
Agathyrsus and
Gelonus (see below).
Cave
According to Hesiod, Echidna was born in a cave, and lived alone (in that same cave, or perhaps another) "beneath the secret parts of the holy earth ... deep down under a hollow rock far from the deathless gods and mortal men", a place appointed by gods, where she "keeps guard in Arima".It was from this cave, presumably, as Apollodorus tells us, that she used to "carry off passers-by".
Hesiod does not say where Arima might be, but presumably, it is the same place where, according to
Homer, Zeus fought Typhon, which Homer describes as "the country of the Arimi [
Ἀρίμοις], where men say is the couch [bed] of Typhoeus", Typhoeus being another name for Typhon. The late sixth century early fifth century BC poet
Pindar has Typhon born in
Cilicia,and has Zeus slaying Typhon "among the Arimoi",
] and the fourth century BC historian
Callisthenes located the Arimoi and the Arima mountains in Cilicia, near the
Calycadnus river, the
Corycian cave and the Sarpedon promomtory.
Quintus Smyrnaeus locates her cave "close on the borders of Eternal Night".