All script development projects start out small. They consist of a writer, who comes up with the film idea, and a producer, who can also be the originator of the idea. But as the project moves forward, more players get involved and they significantly shape the direction the script takes. These constant changes make film development a fluid and complicated process. Competing interests will always influence a project and those who possess the power at a particular point will have a greater say.
The studio (or the broadcaster) is the most powerful player at the outset of negotiations because it has the capital in place to fund the script development. It chooses the producer and writer it wants to develop the script. It also hires the director it wants and possesses the authority to replace anyone if it so chooses.
Not surprisingly, the writer is at his greatest strength during the time he/she writes the first couple of drafts; he/she is the only one writing the script and is, therefore, in control. This control does not last forever, though; it begins to wane once the drafts are handed over to the producer, development executive, script editors, and other trusted partners for review. The next step in the process is to send [the script] out to development financers. The decision about when to do this belongs to the producer. All films need financial backing to move forward and those with the money can essentially make or break a film project; they can either reject or accept the script. Producers know that development funders can eventually be production financiers if they so wish, so first impressions are critical. The film development team fully understands that financers can reject the screenplay and that, in order to convince a financer to fund the project, major changes must be made to the script itself or to the development team. The producer should also consider how many financers (and which ones) the script should be sent to. Because of these factors, the external players have more power over the projects direction. A financer reads a script and gives feed back on it when s/he agrees to fund a project from the start, particularly with adapted films.
Once drafts are sent out to external players, the script development process becomes much more complicated because there are more people to contend with. The writers power decreases a great deal at this stage. Financers, film production financers (broadcasters or public subsidy financers), equity financers, and co-producers all give the producer their feedback about the script.
The producer must be careful, however; financers always have the choice to sign onto the project or not. In order to get them to do so, he and the writer must weigh the advantages of incorporating the financers feedback against the possibility that doing so would result in a significant loss of creative control over the screenplay.
Financers are not the only external players who begin to exert influence at this stage. Directors often get involved in script development as well and they typically have a lot of power. Their reputation and the fact that they are very skilled in how to visualize a script on the big screen combine to become powerful forces.
The director also has his own staff, friends, and family who provide their advice as well. As with input from others, the producer and writer must take into account the directors feedback. The idea that the script development process is very fluid is especially true when it comes directors, because they can withdraw from a project at any time for any number of reasons, allowing another director to join.
As one might expect, the constant changes described here almost always alter the direction of the script based to the input of the new players. Actors can have as much influence as any other participant in the process. Since they are the ones who perform the script, they also give the writer and producer feedback. They must take into consideration the same issues as everyone else: the quality and direction of the storyline, who the director is, and how the film will be financed. As outlined in this article, a lot of negotiation takes place before a screenplay comes to life on the big screen. Everyone involved in script development possesses different degrees of power and influence at different points in the process. The writer has the most influence in the early stages but inevitably loses some control. Financers, directors, and actors all play an influential role as well.